This section of the exam lasts for 1 hour and 40 minutes and is 50% of the overall exam score. Refers to the political party with which an individual identifies. Declining ability to pass on identification a) Younger voters exhibit less partisanship; more likely to be independent b) Meaning of partisanship unclear in most families; less influence on policy preferences Mr.!Yamron!!! State and local governments must comply with federal mandates in order to receive federal aid. An example of a concurrent power is the power to levy taxes. ; Origin. Citizen beliefs about government are shaped by the intersection of demographics, political culture, and dynamic social change. respondent definition: 1. a person who answers a request for information: 2. in a court case, the person who a petition. We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. OPM forms satisfy a valid need; essential to accomplish a mission and necessary for the efficient and economical operation of the . By shifting production to China, the unit cost of production can be lowered by 40 percent. At the end of December 2012, his accounting records showed the following: Inventories:BeginningEndingMaterials$13,200$,000Workinprocess04,000Finishedgoods05,800Otherinformation:Directmaterialpurchases$31,000Utilitiesforplant$Plantjanitorialservices200Rentonplant1,900Salessalariesexpense5,400Customerservicehotlineexpense11,000Deliveryexpense1,400Directlabor23,000Salesrevenue110,000\begin{array}{lrlr} b: Debates have increased over free speech and competitive and fair elections related to money and campaign funding (including contributions from individuals, PACs and political parties). answers or is security for another; a fidejussor. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A lock ( A locked padlock) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. identification of respondents | English examples in context | Ludwig Also known as the "Necessary and Proper" Clause; authorizes Congress to pass all laws that are necessary and proper to carry out enumerated powers; provides flexibility to Congress. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Refers to the citizens' faith and trust in their government. New communication technologies and advances in social media have profoundly influenced how citizens routinely acquire political information, including news events, investigative journalism, election coverage, and political commentary. In such matters the moving party (the one filing the petition) is usually called the "petitioner." Thus, the respondent is equivalent to a defendant in a lawsuit, but the potential result is a court order and not money damages. Political efficacy also refers to the citizens' feeling that they can have an influence on the political system. Through more than 30 courses, each culminating in a rigorous exam, AP provides willing and academically prepared students with the opportunity to earn college credit and/or advanced placement. \text{$\quad$Design} & 3.00\\ Explain how various political actors influence public policy outcomes.