To unravel the story of Africa's past, you must not only look at its faces but listen to its languages and harvest its crops. The Nile provided a communication and trade route across a huge and harsh land. The African diaspora is a term that refers to the dispersal of African peoples to form a distinct, transnational community. Arabic cultures infiltrated Ethiopia in northeast Africa by the seventh century b.c.e. An example of Nubian writing and the lion headed war god Image source, Map showing the location of Swahili civilization in Africa. And that reality often is nasty, brutish and short. Domesticated plants and animals yield far more calories per acre than do wild habitats, in which most species are inedible to humans. Although native Africans domesticated some plants in the Sahel and in Ethiopia and in tropical West Africa, they acquired valuable domestic animals only later, from the north. A day in the life of an Egyptian (click here). The biggest question that Jared Diamond is asking himself is how to turn the study of history into a science. Two Native American peoples, the Incas and Aztecs, ruled over empires with stone tools and were just starting to experiment with bronze. But that couldn't happen in the complete isolation of Tasmania, where cultural losses became irreversible. Hence the higher the human population and the more societies there are on an island or continent, the greater the chance of any given invention being conceived and adopted somewhere there. Jared Diamond (in "Guns, Germs and Steel") gives a detailed theory for the backwardness of central and southern Africa compared to Eurasia based on the absence of significant numbers of large domesticatable animals like cattle and horses endemic to the continent, among many other factors. The proximate factors were the same familiar ones of guns, steel, oceangoing ships, political organization, and writing. Farmers in Africa began growing crops around 5000 b.c. The earliest known mints. the West African Soninke people had created the Ghanaian empire and controlled the area between the Sngal and Upper Niger Rivers. It may not display this or other websites correctly. Many people, or even most people, assume that the answer involves biological differences in average IQ among the world's populations, despite the fact that there is no evidence for the existence of such IQ differences.
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