Aesthetic Plast Surg. Washington, DC: ACOG; 2011:121-122. Within this study population, 54.4% of patients were obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2), of which 1308 (28.8%) were Class I (BMI = 30-34.9 kg/m2), 686 (15.1%) were Class II (BMI = 35-39.9 kg/m2), and 439 (9.7%) were Class III (BMI > 40 kg/m2). 2005;55(3):227-231. Most cases of type I gynecomastia are unilateral, and 20% of cases are bilateral. The following procedures are considered experimental and investigational because there is insufficient evidence of itseffectiveness or itseffectiveness has not been established: Aetna considers breast reduction, surgical mastectomy or liposuction for gynecomastia, either unilateral or bilateral, a cosmetic surgical procedure. The surgeon estimates that at least the following amounts (in grams) of breast tissue, not fatty tissue, will be removed from each breast, based on the member's body surface area (BSA) calculated using theMosteller formula. Complications following radiotherapy were minor and self-limiting in all cases, restricted to minor skin reactions, and associated with larger radiotherapy doses delivered in fewer fractions. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;113(1):436-437. Chadbourne EB, Zhang S, Gordon MJ, et al. .newText { However, it is unclear if there is any evidence to support this practice. Furthermore, the lack of an expected "dose-response" relationship between the amount of breast tissue removed and the magnitude of symptomatic relief in these studies raises questions about the validity of these studies and the effectiveness of breast reduction as a method of relieving shoulder and back pain. In a within-patient, randomized, patient- and assessor-blinded, controlled study, Anzarut et al (2007) evaluated the use of completely autologous platelet gel in 111 patients undergoing bilateral reduction mammoplasty to reduce post-operative wound drainage. color: #FFF; Plast Reconstr Surg. This Clinical Policy Bulletin may be updated and therefore is subject to change. Narula HS, Carlson HE. Reduction mammoplasty also known as breast reduction surgery, is a surgical procedure in women to reduce the weight, mass, and size of the breast. Flancbaum L, Choban PS. Scand J Plast Reconstr Hand Surg. Breast reconstruction/breast enlargement Breast reduction/mammoplasty Excision of excessive skin due to weight loss Gastroplasty/gastric bypass Based largely upon these results, Nguyen et al (2004) reached the conclusion that a trial of conservative management is not an appropriate criterion for insurance coverage, even though responses to the BRAVO questionnaire indicated that operative candidates and hypertrophy controls received at least some pain relief from all of the conservative interventions, and for some conservative interventions, virtually all subjects reported at least some pain relief. Estrogens and estrogen like drugs,including: Drugsthat enhance estrogen formation, including: Drugs which inhibit testosterone synthesis, including, Drugs that inhibit testosterone action, including. Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls. Reduction mammoplasty has been performed to relieve back and shoulder pain on the theory that reducing breast weight will relieve this pain.
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